The University of Southampton

Inspiring the next generation of female scientists

dearest-mother-1

When asked to describe scientists, teenagers often use words implying that they belong to an exclusive club which is inaccessible to them. Science might be a subject they have to do at school, but thinking about a career in the subject is not something they would necessarily consider, according to research by LifeLab’s programme leader Kathryn Townsend Woods.

In an effort to bridge that gap part of the LifeLab programme actively promotes ways to provide teenagers with a more realistic view of scientists and their work. The Meet the Scientist initiative makes the connection between students carrying out their secondary education at institutions in the UK and (often early stage) researchers at higher education institutions, providing secondary-level school students with opportunities to meet and talk to scientists, both from academic and clinical backgrounds, and to explore or challenge their views of scientists.

As a team we are committed to providing inspiration to teenagers and specifically female students. Part of our mission is showing it is as normal for girls to want to be scientists as boys. To ensure we maximise opportunities to normalise the gender imbalance, we always have a ratio of 2:1 female:male scientists who volunteer for out Meet the scientist sessions.

Of the 300 researchers on our database, 202 are female and 95 are male, which is fantastic representation from our female researchers. The schools decide which classes to bring to LifeLab and slightly more female teenagers have attended.  Here is some  of our evaluation data, from which we see encouraging patterns.

Did meeting the scientist change your mind about what scientists are like and/or what they do?

59 per cent of students agreed of which 64 per cent were girls and 57 per cent boys

Did you find what the scientists had to say interesting?

85 per cent of agreed of which 86 per cent were girls and 84 per cent boys.

Strikingly, when asked ‘Following your visit to LifeLab today, would you consider a career in science, health or the NHS?

52 per cent of students agreed of which 57 per cent were girls and 45 per cent boys.

Follow-up questions reveal interesting perceptions, worryingly the idea that scientists and engineers can be women is still a surprise.

I met girl scientists which proves both genders can be scientists”

I found it interesting women are now becoming engineers

However, some comments really reflect the positive impact these sessions can have:

“School promotes female scientists, but only actually meeting young women scientists made me realise it could be a possibility for me

Meet the scientist was awesome – it really inspired the kids and was the first contact most of them have ever had with real science

 

There are few places better to be than Southampton for clinical research

 LifeLab is among a number of projects that has helped boost Southampton’s standing as a centre for clinical research excellence.

According to the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Clinical Research Network data patients at Southampton’s teaching hospitals have some of the best access in the country to the latest medical advances.

More than 18,000 people took part in clinical research studies at University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust during 2017/18, making it the one of the top four centres for recruitment in England.

In addition, the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Clinical Research Network data also placed Southampton in the top 10 for volume of studies overall at 413, as well as the top 10 for commercial studies with 93.

“We are delighted to be among the top four recruiters to clinical trials as it demonstrates the role we play in bringing new treatments and technology to the frontline in the NHS,” said Christine McGrath, director of research and development at UHS.

“It is a great achievement for the organisation to be ranked among the country’s top performers in both volume and recruitment to clinical trials and is a clear indication to our patients that we are committed to remaining at the forefront of developments in medicine nationally.”

More than £100m has been invested in research across UHS in collaboration with the University of Southampton over the past 10 years alone.

This includes the NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, which specialises in respiratory medicine, critical care, nutrition, microbial science, data science and behavioural sciences, and the NIHR Southampton Clinical Research Facility, a dedicated centre for experimental medicine.

In addition, the NIHR Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre forms part of the Southampton Cancer Research UK Centre, while funding also covers LifeLab along with the Wessex Investigational Sciences Hub, the Centre for Cancer Immunology, the MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit and the Health Sciences Research Facility.

The city has recorded a number of significant discoveries, including studies which showed chronic diseases in adults, such as diabetes, heart disease and cancer, may be prevented by early interventions in nutrition, diet and lifestyle of pregnant women, infants and children.

Making clinical trials count

Little is known about why people choose not to take part in clinical trials.

As one of the most important ways researchers have in testing whether pioneering treatments or life changing drugs will actually be effective, the difficulty in recruiting sufficient numbers of participants to clinical trials is a concern for research and society alike.

Now, in groundbreaking new study published in the Social Science and Medicine journal, researchers from Southampton have analysed the reasons behind the lack of participation in a bid to improve recruitment and maintain clinical trials as a key part of advancing medical knowledge and patient care.

Almost 300 pregnant women took part in the research conducted by Dr Sofia Strömmer which was aimed at identifying the underlying reasons for women’s refusal to participate in a pregnancy trial and to identify ways of increasing recruitment. Previous research had shown that recruitment rates in 122 clinical trials spanning 18 clinical areas, only 31 per cent had reached their target number.

generic-clinical-trials2

“We wanted to understand what the reluctance to take part in trials was about, so that we could address it. Only when research is tested in this way on a cross section of society, can we get the best possible research to inform us,” explained Dr Strömmer.

She and her team interviewed 296 women who had declined to take part in trials and from that survey concluded that there was a fundamental lack of trust in those who chose not to take part.

Dr Strömmer explained: “Despite what they were being told about the trial, women who declined the trial worried that they or their baby  could be at risk and felt that coming in for extra appointments was impossible to fit into their lives. Women who agreed to take part believed that the research would cause no harm and found ways around fitting it in to their busy lives.”

As a result of her work, Dr Strömmer came up with a number of suggestions as to how the trust issue could be overcome. One of the recommendations was to set up a review-style platform for participants to ‘rate their clinical trial experience’ in an effort to improve participation rates.

“By reading reviews and information on this review platform, it would be coming from an independent source rather than a clinician or researcher,” added Dr Strömmer, a psychologist at the NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre at the University of Southampton  MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit based at University Hospital Southampton.

generic-cinical-trials

Building trust was also behind the recommendation to invest time in open and honest discussions of the risks and benefits of participation, improving the visibility of the research team and advertising study safety and ethical conduct.

Dr Mary Barker, associate professor at the NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre at the MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, said: “We think that these strategies could be implemented relatively easily into the pregnancy trials protocols and make a real difference in allowing women to feel heard and supported and therefore raise the likelihood of participation in clinical trials.”

Case study

It didn’t take first-time mum Rachael Wilton very long to make up her mind to take part in a clinical trial when she was first approached.

Newly pregnant, Rachael an operations manager from Marchwood, was keen to find out more about the SPRING trial run by the University of Southampton’s MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit  based at University Hospital Southampton, when she was first approached at a midwife appointment.

Following her 12-week scan she was told about SPRING which brings together the interventions in a previous vitamin D supplementation trial and a programme called Healthy Conversation Skills to improve health behaviours in mothers and the children as well as the body composition of the children.

During her pregnancy Rachael was asked to complete some lifestyle questionnaires and undergo additional scans.

Rachael and Imogen
Rachael and Imogen

Rachael said she and husband Jonathan were keen to take part in the trial. “We wanted to be a part of the research project, it sounded like a really interesting piece of research. There were also some extra benefits too like the extra scans and parking for free so it seemed like a really easy decision to make.”

When asked why she felt it was important to take part in the trial, Rachael, who gave birth to Imogen four months ago, said: “If everyone can do a small part it really does make a difference. The research could lead to developments that could help your family or someone else’s in the future, hopefully it will make a big difference in the end.”

For more information about clinical research in Southampton visit http://www.uhs.nhs.uk/ClinicalResearchinSouthampton/Home.aspx

 

Making our mark at regional health conference

The importance of investing in early intervention health initiatives was the theme of this year’s Wessex Public Health Conference, so it was no surprise that the LifeLab team turned out in force.

Missing no opportunity to champion the work we do in empowering young people to make healthy choices that will have impact throughout their lives, we gave two oral presentations, had two posters on display and contributed to the opening and closing sessions.

Delegates heard from keynote speaker Dr Mary Barker about the EACH-B project as a way of engaging teenagers with their health. This highlighted the importance of involving young people in the public health decisions that affect them and raising awareness that this group needed to be listened to and invested in. Dr Wendy Lawrence also took part in the closing panel, highlighting the importance of promoting good health and wellbeing across the population rather than prevention of ill health.

Wessex Public Health Conference
Wessex Public Health Conference

The event was staged at the St Mary’s Stadium and saw more than 200 delegates take part in the day, showcasing national and local research with speakers on health psychology, genomics and prioritisation in public health.

Polly Langdon at the conference
Polly Langdon at the conference

 

Polly Langdon presented the findings of the BUPA Randomised Control Trial in a talk entitled: LifeLab Southampton: Improving scientific literacy as a tool for increasing health literacy in teenagers – a pilot cluster-randomised controlled trial while Donna Lovelock presented a summary of the work we are doing to deliver the Youth Health Champions Qualification in Southampton in a talk entitled: Youth Health Champions: hearing the pupil voice for promoting health and wellbeing through peer mentoring.

wessex_2
Donna giving her presentation to delegates

 

 

 

Both were very well received by the audience with some thought provoking questions about the data collection and how we can more widely publicise and engage students in what we do.

The team walked away from the event as ‘award winners’ have scooped the prize for Best Poster at the conference.

Hannah Davey’s creation entitled: Understanding healthy choices through scientific enquiry: a primary school-based intervention to support knowledge translation and behaviour change (pictured below) wowed the judges enough to win the top prize.

hannahs_poster_wessex5
Hannah’s winning poster

 

Polly also had a poster on display entitled: A systemic review of school-based educational interventions to improve diet, physical activity, BMI and body composition in adolescents (aged 10-19 years).

The take away message from the event was raising the importance of collaboration and ensuring we try and work in partnership and not in isolation, sharing ideas and good practice. It was a fantastic opportunity to see what others are working on in our region and a chance to network and develop new links for LifeLab.

 

Delegates enjoying the conference
Delegates enjoying the conference